Robert Arp Consciousness and Awareness Switched - On Rheostats : A Response to
نویسنده
چکیده
I question whether it is completely accurate to think of the philosophical meaning of consciousness as being switched-on or switched-off. It may be that, once consciousness is switched-on, it is then found in degrees in animals we deem conscious. In which case, consciousness is more like a switched-on rheostat, rather than a simple on–off switch. Christian de Quincey (2006) gives a list of what would be considered the marks of consciousness, including ‘experience, subjectivity, sentience, feeling, or mentality of any kind’. He also seems to conflate awareness with experience when speaking about the light of consciousness being on. In keeping with de Quincey’s desire to get clear about the meaning of consciousness, I will put forward an idea of consciousness as the experience of oneself as a being subject to past, present, and future events, and contrast this idea with a state of awareness. De Quincey claims that ‘any entity that is a subject — that feels its own being — possesses consciousness’. I want to add to this meaning of consciousness by noting the subject’s sense of temporality, so as to further qualify the meaning of consciousness and show how awareness is distinct from consciousness. Further, for me, the psychological dimension is also an ontological category that includes all of what de Quincey means by consciousness, with the qualification that awareness, cognition, sentience, perception, and feeling are psychological states, though not states of consciousness. Nonetheless, these psychological states may be
منابع مشابه
The Impact of Deductive, Inductive, and L1-Based Consciousness-Raising Tasks on EFL Learners' Acquisition of the Request Speech Act
The necessity and importance of teaching pragmatics has come to light by many researchers (e.g. Rose & Kasper, 2001). Due to the consensus over the need to teach pragmatic competence, the main issue now centers on the question of how we should teach this competence in the most effective way. Consistent with this line of research, the present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of deduc...
متن کاملActive Detection and Prevention of Sophisticated ARP-Poisoning Man-in-the-Middle Attacks on Switched Ethernet LANs
In this paper we describe two novel methods for active detection and prevention of ARPpoisoning-based Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) attacks on switched Ethernet LANs. As a stateless and inherently insecure protocol, ARP has been used as a relatively simple means to launch Denial-of-Service (DoS) and MitM attacks on local networks and multiple solutions have been proposed to detect and prevent these ...
متن کاملEFL Teachers’ Adversity Quotient, Personal Growth Initiative, and Pedagogical Success
This study investigated the relationship among Iranian English teachers’ adversity quotient, personal growth initiative, and pedagogical success. The participants comprised 28 male and female English teachers and a total of 336 male and female EFL learners who attended the abovementioned teachers’ classes (12 for each teacher). Stoltz’ (1997) Adversity Response Profile (ARP) and Robitsc...
متن کاملEffect of auditory and tactile stimulation by family members on the level of consciousness in comatose patients: A quasi-experimental study
Background & Aim: Decreased level of consciousness is one of the life-threatening complications associated with brain injuries. The aim of the study was to explore the effect of auditory and tactile stimulation by a family member on patients’ consciousness level. Methods & Materials: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 80 comatose patients with traumatic brain injury hospitalized in...
متن کامل